Antibiotic Stewardship

Running head: Kevin Holland Kevin Holland Clostridium difficile is becoming a major problem inside of hospitals. There are many reasons as to why the bacteria is becoming a top priority while treating patients mainly inside of the hospital setting. Hospital-induced infections, lack of a proper diet, and even when people do not perform proper hygiene is causing this bacteria that is considered normal biota, to flourish and cause gastrointestinal distress. Bacteria have spent millions of years growing and their whole goal is to keep doing that.

The prevention of infection is a practice that is crucial and paramount for the health and general well-being of society. Infection prevention and control is an integral part of healthcare systems around the world. The practice of Infection prevention and control is based on evidence and procedures that when applied continuously and effectively can inhibit as well as diminish the spread of harmful microorganisms. In healthcare facilities such as hospitals, clinics and long-term care Holmes the spread of infectious nosocomial diseases are a concern for healthcare providers, patients, and visitors of these facilities. Humber River Hospital is one of Canada’s largest regional acute care hospitals.

In addition, it is important to know when to use antibiotics. Considering our bodies have their own immune system to combat bacteria, most illnesses improve on their own over time. As our immune system battles any bacteria, it becomes stronger and

Fleming’s penicillin alone has saved an estimated 200 million lives (New World Encyclopedia Contributors 2013). Not only would antibiotics combat 50 percent of common illness threatening seamen, but also would prevent any potential bacterial infections brought on by environmental ailments like carbon dioxide poisoning, scurvy, and malnutrition. Though antibiotics are not a safeguard against any contractible sickness, they are an explicit defense against bacterial infections, which were the most common form of infection among

Evaluating antibiotic use and recurrent (Clostridium difficile infection) Risk among hospitalized patients with a history of clostridium difficile infection: Opportunities in Stewardship. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Vol. 3, No. suppl 1, p. 1038). Oxford University

Clostridium difficile infection and transmission prevention continues to represent а difficult and serious challenge in patient safety and infection prevention. A single inpatient Clostridium difficile infection costs more than $35,000 in average and the estimated yearly cost burden for the health care system is more than $3 billion (MedPage Today, 2012). The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection is continue to change, and its presence in the community and the healthcare settings has caused healthcare personnel continue to re-evaluate approaches and perspectives. There are many risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection such as an exposure to antibiotics, advanced age, and hospitalization.

Central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in 2009 were amongst 23,000 infections in the inpatient population of US hospitals. (Sweet, Cumpston, Briggs, Craig, & Hamadani, 2012) These infections increase morbidity of patients, mortality, and increase cost. Those that are at risk are the population with central venous catheters. This infection is commonly due to improper hub care and consequently provides the direct introduction of the bacteria into the blood stream. A fairly new intervention to prevent this morbid infection is the implementation of alcohol impregnated protective caps, otherwise known as the brand name Curos caps in addition to others.

The spread of infection towards immunocompromised patients are definitely directly cost and quality oriented. The cost of treatment of the infection with its complications which lead to prolonged the hospital stay of patients. Not only protecting the individual workers but also the patients who exposed to. I appreciate and motivate my colleagues for getting

In response to these tragic events, activists have introduced many best-practice approaches to minimize these occurrences. One instance is a new cleaning checklist developed from culture methods from other industries to reduce the risk of Staphylococcal infections. Another best-practice approach is the invention of a Pyxis medication dispensing unit, which is a form of medication management that includes barcode technology. This provides another safety check for the nurse as it implements the five rights of medication administration, and minimalizes any further medication errors.

The author, Ranjana Srivastava, shows her credibility through different types of references from statistics and other sources which support and clarifies her claims. By using logos and ethos throughout the article she explains the occurrences that have resulted in the resistance in different countries and different types of patients. Srivastava applies Ethos throughout the article, where she uses a candid tone that helps convey her message more fluidly for her intended audience. Srivastava utilizes logos by describing a survey from the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care where “38.4% of patients were being given an antibiotic… a slight majority were either noncompliant with guidelines or plainly inappropriate” (Srivastava, 2016). The survey provided insight towards the problems Srivastava is conveyed and contributes to her emphasis on her purpose to bring exposure to the effects of antibiotic resistance.

Department of Health and Human Services established an objective for Healthy People 2020 to prevent HCAIs, this reflects that the U.S. health care system is committed to and serious about solving this issue. These objectives address two extremely important topics, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Also, there are other major causes of HCAIs that Health and Human Services is working on their prevention such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with catheters, infections of surgical wounds and sites, C. difficile infections, and ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Researches done on HCAIs shown that we can prevent many of these infections by implementing effective strategies to eradicate it, adapting some advanced prevention tools, and following new prevention approaches. There should be a more focus on HCAIs prevention in acute care settings.

Should mandatory antimicrobial stewardship programs set in place to control antibiotic use to decrease the chances of superbugs to emerge? Table of contents Introduction 4 Biological background 5 Alternative views for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs 6 Alternative views against implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs 6 Conclusion 7 Bibliography 8 Introduction The World Health Organisation has announced antibiotic resistance and the rise of superbugs as a threat to human race. Superbugs are defined as bacteria equipped with antibiotic resistance genes. The affected bacteria can transfer the antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria and completely paralyse humans to combat against bacterial infections (News Limited 2014). According to recent studies

All nurses and healthcare professionals are obligated to help patients and to follow through on the desire to good and not harm them. The doctors and nurses in the study did not hold up their obligation to give the participants in the study the best treatment for their disease. Since penicillin was being used for the treatment of penicillin in the 1940s, the doctors and nurses should have given the participants of the study the penicillin according to the ethical principle of beneficence. Instead of giving the participants the penicillin, the doctors and nurses continued with the original ‘treatment’ even though they knew it would not cure the participants’

Hand washing or isolation of the sick persons with infections in the prevention of hospital acquired infections. 5. Does the use of hand washing, and antisepsis lower the rate of hospital acquired infections? The fifth PICOT question is selected because of the reported low compliance percentage among medical caregivers.

Tetracyclines prevents protein synthesis in bacteria. Some antibiotics can kill both good and bad cells so it is important for providers to know the patient’s correct diagnosis and health history as to not allow