2.9 Moral Principles and Professionalism
Mafunisa (2001:335) states that moral principles are rules or standards governing the moral conduct of employees in an institution. According to Mafunisa, moral principles deals with values relating to human conduct, with respect to rightness or wrongness of particular actions and to the goodness or badness of the motives and ends of such actions. Rightness refers to what ought to be or what is approved and wrongness to what ought not to be or what is disapproved by the society.
Kanyane (2010: 82) explains that within the context of the public service, leaders and managers need to possess high standards of principles and professionalism, two convergent qualities that could be considered non-negotiable
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Public officials and managers have therefore been considered accountable only to the extent, which they are legally required to answer for their actions. Furthermore, these authors then argue that this approach should be expanded to include issues like morality of administrative actions.
An important guideline for moral behaviour in the public sector is the surveillance, which public officials have themselves as being trustees for the public good; an acceptance of this concept has the consequence that responsibility and accountability cannot be avoided (Craythorne 2003:260). This author further suggests (2003:261) that the challenge for local government is to create a new breed of practitioner, who will exhibit integrity of the highest degree and deal ruthlessly with any unethical conduct, breach of morality, and any waste of
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It emphasizes the recognition of the ethical dimension in the organization and its environment. As such, they propose that there is a need for this ethical dimension to be managed alongside and integrated with other areas of management, such as, time management, human resource management, financial management and organizational design. According to the Public Service Commission, this organizational ethics management involves:
• Awareness of the ethical of an organization and the context, with which it interacts, and which also impacts on the organization;
• Behaviour or actions of individuals and groups, as well as the way organizational and social systems function;
• Developing sensitivity to the fact that everyday business practice implies decisions and actions motivated by certain moral values;
• Developing sensitivity to the obligation to be held for our moral values;
• The ability to distinguish right from wrong by carefully taking the interests of all and everything involved into account;
• The commitment to do what is right and to protest any action or decision that might lead to wrongdoing, or in itself is morally unacceptable;
• Regular revisiting of standards of organizational ethics;
• Regular accounting and auditing of and reporting on the management of ethics in the organization and the interaction with the social and natural
The Code of Conduct of York County is a document that applies to all County employees and details appropriate behaviors and actions expected of County staff. It begins with a purpose illustrating strong duty-based components by distinguishing the significant role of employees in government and their responsibility to carry out missions of the municipality. It further states, “This Code of Conduct is more than a set of rules,” suggesting that this document’s inception is to acknowledge a greater sense of mission beyond strict principle-based behavior to ensure employees are “...making right and proper choices.” The purpose statement concludes with the recognition of law but also “guiding principles” that aid employees to act in manner that is
Officers live and work in a constantly changing and dynamically social context in which they are exposed to a large amount of ethical conflict. When either unprepared or unaware officers are more likely to go with the flow then they would be if they were adequately prepared to face potential ethical risk. For unethical acts to occur three distinct elements of police corruption must be present; misuse of authority, misuse of official capacity and misuse of personal
In conclusion, this essay has examined how Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy had a major impact on the development of public administration systems. Although Max Weber was pessimistic regarding the effects of rationalisation and bureaucracy on human life and freedom, he saw the disenchantment of the world that results from the ascent of science and rationalism and the decline of religious and mystical interpretations of human experience as expanding the capacity for human freedom and moral responsibility. Moreover, he saw agonistic politics as checking the power of bureaucracy. Consequently, despite the conflict between the politicised character of public administration and Weber’s views on the role of public administrators, his ideas on value pluralism and politics have important implications for public administration (Verhoef, 2015). Weber’s analysis of the social and historical context of administration and, more particularly, of bureaucracy ensures that he has made a substantial impact on the field of public
The Democratic and Bureaucratic Responsibilities of Public Administration Burke (1989) centrally focused on the dilemmas faced by public administrators as they attempt to execute bureaucratic responsibilities within a democratic system. He highlighted the tension public administrators face in reconciling democracy and bureaucracy and proposed that they execute their responsibilities from a democratic process-based approach and analyze moral dilemmas using political and institutional rather than solely moral methods of analysis (Burke, 1989). Burke (1989) presented three essential questions that he believed one must address to ascertain proper bureaucratic responsibilities: (1) What is the connection of bureaucratic responsibility to the perspective that proper conduct primarily pertains to issues of morality and ethics; (2) If predicaments of bureaucratic conduct cannot be chiefly solved through the appeal to moral values, then upon what rules of conduct should a theory of bureaucratic responsibility reside; and (3) What dilemmas arise when executing bureaucratic responsibilities, particularly within complex organizations? To
At the time public administration values did not exist in a recognizable form. This book was considered the “first one explicitly done and possibly among the more balanced treatments of ethics at the time It is stated that “managing values is an
ETHICS IN FASHION INTRODUCTION MEANING OF ETHICS Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is unjust, what is good, what is bad in terms of human behaviour. Ethical principles serve as a guide to behaviour on a personal level, within professions, and at the organisational level. It is based on written or unwritten codes of principles and values held in society. BUSINESS ETHICS also called as corporate ethics is a form of ethics or professional ethics that examines the ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment.
Another challenge, The Bureaucray can face is dealing with politics within public agencies (Milward, Rainey 2). The Bureaucracy has to prove that, public agencies are not “wasteful” or “meddlesome” (Milward, Rainey 2). The public agencies are blamed for elevated costs, however, while they are being blamed, they have a strong reason to need the money. These agencies need the money to put towards roads and highways to be built to fixed (Milward, Rainey 6) , although this is not a tiny issue, it should be a
However, there is other more essential elements of any profession. For example, Ethics is one of the fundamental elements of a profession. It’s not just having and adhere to a Code of Ethics, they make sure that they help and serve as an organization’s ethical compass. Moreover, they observe the company’s culture, the impression at the internal and top environment to make sure that ethical standard are being supervened or followed at the highest level. These practices of the professionals are responded with the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal
Accountability needs to be focused on problem responsiveness and also the Citizens’ needs. All the resources need to be well managed and also be focused on the aspect law enforcement power comes mainly from the community’s consent (Healey& Smith, 2009). Commitment to professionalism is also another method which the law enforcers can use. They must therefore view their role as being a service delivery to the community which would call for the adherence with the code of ethics. The entire department must thus be guided by its code of ethics and must ensure the maintenance of a system that is designed primarily to promote discipline on its highest level among the
Critical Reflection: In this world of chaos and anomalies everyone is busy in his life and to fulfill his ultimate desires, but while doing all this one should know the consequences of the way he chose to achieve his aim. For all this there are some specific rules and regulations and all these instructions are termed as professional ethics. In any professional environment, one must trail the basics ethics to become successful in the modern world otherwise there is no regard for a person who did not know the ways to handle different professional situations. As it is rightly said that “It's not what you do but that kind of job you do that makes the difference.”
ETHICAL PRINCPLES: 1. Honest and proud ways of thinking/basic truths/rules and normal behaviors (clearly connected or related) in other fields more than that hold to social communication. Rules/basic truths ofsocial values like (close friendship between people because of shared interests and common goals), subsidiarity, justice and equity, and peccancy in the use of public useful things/valuable supplies and the performance of roles of public trust are unchangingly related. Representative/sexual relationship must unchangingly be truthful, since truth is extremely important to individual freedom and to total/totally/with nothing else mixed ingovernment/society among people. (related to the rules and beliefs of doing the right thing) in social
The case study presents many failures of public administration. Among these are bureaucracy, communication failures, recruitment of unskilled officials, overlap of power between agencies, negligence and corruption. The bureaucratization and hierarchization of the government agencies linked in the case slowed down the processes and compliance with the norm. The flow of letters and reports between agencies took a long time to scale the case to agencies with superior power. It is important to highlight that, thanks to the action of the inspector and the group of workers, the case reached high-ranking agencies, but middle-ranking officials.
The main source of their autonomous power thus stems from the considerable amount of discretion at their disposal. According to Hill and Hupe (2002, 52–53), Lipsky’s work has been widely misinterpreted as he did not only underline the difficulties in controlling street-level bureaucrats’ behavior. Still more important, Lipsky showed that street-level policy making created practices that enable public workers to cope with problems encountered in their everyday work. The importance of Lipsky’s work lies in the fact that his approach was, on the one hand, used as justification for methodological strategies that focus on street-level actors. On the other hand, it showed that top-down approaches failed to take into account that a hierarchical chain of command and well-defined policy objectives are not enough to guarantee successful implementation.
Communal effort acts as a principle for our community to appreciate the creative cooperation and joint effort. We strive to create, promote, and protect social networks, public spaces, works of art, and media that support such interactions (Midburn Ten Principles). Talking to people and making connections is easy at Midburn. The energies and vibes around are extremely uplifting which is exactly what the festival is about. I've really met some amazing people and have made such memorable experiences I will have with me for the rest of my life.
Members of the ministry of education, school staff will demonstrate adherence to ethical principles in the way they carry out their professional duties. They will perform their duties with integrity. Teachers training institutions have circular values to regulate civics and moral education program, and teachers are trained on pedagogy. Values guide learners and teacher to behave in acceptable manners.