Entrapped under thickening layers of smog, the streets of 1800s England was the first time the world has seen such devastating effects of environmental pollution. Enveloping the city was the morbidly dark sky—ought it to be day or night had never been such an oblivion to the common passerby. The cause dates back to 18th century England; separated by a sea, England was able to avoid intervention in the conflicts plaguing continental Europe during this time. Revised quarantined measures to prevent the Black Death from further spreading along with the revolutionary agricultural innovations that emerged during the Agriculture Revolution, England was among the first countries to experience a major population increase. Such population increase consequently …show more content…
Over the course of a century, Manchester evolved from a town of nothing extraordinary into the country’s vital trading centre. Comparing the maps of Manchester in 1750 to that of 1850, it is evident that not only has the city increased in approximately five times of size but also has built canals and railroads that pierce through the city at all angles (Document 1), including the famous Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Such expansion in urban development and increase in mobility allowed for industries to thrive; as a result, the economy prospered. Being granted a royal charter in 1852, Manchester came to be known as the “Workshop of the World”. In terms of “commerce and manufacture”, it had surpassed “any other town in the British Dominions or indeed the world.” (Document 9) Now an international trading hub, Manchester’s economy was surging with prosperity. Consequently, the living standards of people were improving at a great speed as well. “People live longer… are better fed, better lodged, better clothed, and better attended in sickness”, all thanks to the “increase in national wealth which the manufacturing system has produced.” (Document 3) Evidently, the increased wealth of the nation is positively correlated to the living standards of the average civilian. With that being said, both these responses came from those of upper-class: one a business …show more content…
It first started with demonstrations: rallies and protests took place as labourers developed a “dangerous spirit of discontent with the Government” for many were dissatisfied with the unrealistic prices on grain thanks to the Corn Laws. The Corn Laws were instituted to assist local producers, and since the majority of lands were owned by companies due to the enclosure movement, most of the wealth went to the upper-class. Similarly, industrialization benefited not the workers the most, but instead the company owners; the “triumphs of machinery” and its “gain and glory” were to be only derived by “wealthy Liverpool and Manchester men.” (Document 4) Protests like such continued until the government began responding to the cries of the people. Under the “Hours of Labor in Factories Act” passed in 1844, work hours had been reduced to “ten hours per day” and “wages… have largely increased”. Various establishments, such as public parks, baths, and free libraries, had been built to “[promote] the health happiness and culture” of society. As a result, murmurs of discontent were diminished to a minimum and “sickness and mortality have been reduced to an extent that is almost incredible.” (Document 10) That being said, the English government had also been pushed to the brink of their power; due to the growing popularity of Socialism and later Marxism, the
As the eighteenth century roared into existence, a rapidly growing Great Britain was faced with both an exponential commercial and population boom that was unprecedented. It is during this brief one hundred years that the nation, as well as the rest of the world, would be forever changed due to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. While the Industrial Revolution was liberating in the sense that it gave more occupational choices , as well as the opportunity to move up the rungs of the social ladder through relocation and financial gains, it also brought regulations that had to be put in place. As commerce and trade began to expand, both domestically and abroad through colonial outposts, taxation also saw a parallel increase to not only
The middle 1800s had many changes for America and Americans. One change was the cotton gin. Another change was the Indian Removal Act. These changes affected many citizens of America.
The conclusion of the eighteenth century and the dawn of the nineteenth was a time of great growth of industry in America. There were many positives of this growth, and many negatives. One positive were that everybody has more luxuries; another positive was that a lot of money came into the US. There were many severe negatives of the new growth of industry. Two of these were horrible factory conditions, and child labor.
society, mostly during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Industrial workers became a big thing of the American economy following the Industrial Revolution in the 1850s. The federal government was laissez-faire towards industry at the time, so this sometimes led to corrupt business practices. Industrial workers faced certain problems such as low wages, long working hours, and dangerous conditions. A lack of government regulation meant that industries could force ridiculous hours, pay, and conditions on their workers with no fear of punishment, and also meant that workers had little means to protest.
Think of what people sacrificed for us to have computers, cellphones, microwaves, and electrical power to use on a daily basis. During the Industrial Revolution, which was between the late 18th and 20th centuries, people started to invent new technologies that made products quickly and more efficiently. However, children were being exploited by their bosses, England also was forbidding colonies to develop any domestic industries, and people didn’t live in sanitized areas. I believe that the Industrial Revolution had a negative effect for people living in England in that time period.
“You are surrounded ….. With an infinite number of comforts and conveniences which had no existence two or three centuries ago …. Are not only used by a few, but are within the reach of almost all men” (Document 9). During this time period in the early 1830s people had the conveniences of better, safer homes, cheaper merchandise, and a countless number of other domestic utensils. Although these might not have an immense effect on the economy, they did in-fact better living conditions and the qualities of life.
Late 19th Century and early 20th Century expansionism was a clear continuation of earlier 19th century Manifest Destiny displaying the ideals of God and westward expansion, and the use of aggression. Manifest Destiny was the God-Given right for the American people to expand westward. Once we did expand to our full country today of America, our expansion was not done. It was time for America to expand out of its contiguous region and become an imperialist nation. Leaders like Josiah Strong, believed it was the God-Given right to spread the Anglo-Saxon culture, and Beveridge, believed we needed to expand our markets and for more opportunities.
Not only did their complaints raise wages and decrease working hours, they also eventually advanced medical care, increased literacy rates in the city, and made the city more sanitary. This resulted in healthier, happier people who lived longer and prospered. Not only did people become healthier, the children that they had were also healthier at birth, making it so parents didn’t need to have as many children in fear that some would die at a young age. Overall, Manchester vastly improved as a city throughout the 18th and 19th century; reforms were made, people became happier, and education spread throughout the city, but not before workers protested and died young because of their working and living conditions. The story of Manchester truly proves that in order to improved, you must first experience the lowest point; without the low point, you can never truly understand or experience
The Renaissance was a period in time where everything started to change after the middle ages. During this historical period humans stared evolving by becoming smarter and inventing useful recourses that have changed the world. The renaissance was a life changing period which brought more joy to the world after conquering the dark ages. The Renaissance changed man’s view on the world by using Art, Science and Literature to make humans brighter and because of the rapid information they were gaining. Art during the Renaissance grew rapidly because of Leonardo Da Vici, and Michelangelo who changed the way people painted and drew by creating strategies which made art more interesting.
During the nineteenth century, Manchester,England was leading in textile manufacturing due to the cotton mill and it being the first industrialized city. The industrial growth increased the population to over 300,000 by a span of 100 years, this new increase was due to working class and immigrants. In document 1, there is a vast growth in the city of Manchester over the span of 100 years. Manchester was given representation in Parliament and the middle-class men received the vote. While the growth of industry was needed in Manchester for better development of modern society, it came with many issues.
The industrialization of Great Britain led the world to modern technology because of all of their ample amount of natural resources and political stability. With multiple entrepreneurs looking for new factories and capital to invest in those factories, they continued to show the world they were the leaders in urbanization at that time. While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily positive consequences for society because of modernized machines, it was actually a negative thing for society. Industrialization’s negative effects were child labor, separated families, and bad quality of life.
Organized Labor DBQ Starting in the 1870’s, there were large movements pushing to better the lives of the working and labor classes. Various unions were formed throughout the country, each with their own agendas, while progressives put pressures on the government for reforms. With corporations working against them, however, organized labor was not very successful in improving workers’ lives, a result of the awful plight of the workers, the power of the corporation, and the futility of strikes. The workers’ plight in the late 19th century was bleak.
The industrial revolution woke up the sense of humanity in people, yet at the same time It turned it off. To begin with, from the year 1819 through 1901, Great Britain was beginning to face an all new era called the Victorian Era. In fact, this era was named like that, because of queen Victoria. Also, this era was very important because it introduced medical advances, scientific knowledge, and technological knowledge that helped increase work efficiency. However, not all the things that occurred were great.
They faced opposition from other mill owners who knew that reforms would cost them money and give workers more rights. The reformers successfully forced changes to the way workers was treated. They are now called Factory Acts. The factory act changes in time and increased the rights of men, women and children
Did the Black Death break the Malthusian Deadlock that was hanging over England in the 14th century? Did the people really create a better country after this horrendous plague? These exemplify some of the intriguing questions asked about the Black Death. The essay examined a variety of factors from population to the economic factors regarding the Black Death.